Frequently asked questions

Index

Could IB BIOTECH storage my DNA for a future use?

We can storage your DNA and also know your genetic map or print, that could be very useful for any of the following:

  • In case of a diagnosis of a genetic illness.
  • Prevention of family genetic illnesses.
  • Solving of a paternity disputes.
  • Comparison and identification of people in high risk professions (soldiers, firemen, policemen)
  • Comparison and identification of people in case of an accident, etc.

What is it the genetic map or print used for?

The genetic map or print helps us to distinguish one human being from another and there are different applications: forensic medicine, paternity test, compatibility studies in the organ donation programs. It is a more precise identification techniques compare to others. Furthermore, the DNA is in each and every cell of the human body, so it can be obtain from any biological sample. The genetic print is unique and it is invariable along the human being live.

Why is it important to know the genetic map or print of an adopted child?

To know the genetic print is very useful to provide the families a genetic ID that confirms the relationship between adoptive parents and adopted children.

In this case the children will not share their parent’s genetic code, so that in a biological identification DNA studies can not be used for comparison with the parents. To have the genetic print is much more useful in these cases in different circumstances such as accidents, kidnapping, fires or situations when there could be identification doubts.

Why is it important to know the genetic map or print of a child born by ovodonation or semen donation treatment?

In this case the children will not share their parent’s genetic code, so that in a biological identification DNA studies can not be used for comparison with the parents. To have the genetic print is much more useful in these cases in different circumstances such as accidents, kidnapping, fires or situations when there could be identification doubts.

How is the genetic map or print done?

To obtain the genetic map or print it is necessary to have a DNA sample that can be obtain from the mouth cells. Using a swab, we rub the internal side of the check and from collected cells we will draw the DNA that it will be use to determine the specific polymorphisms of that person and therefore his genetic map or print.

Is it necessary to take a blood sample from a child to carry out a paternity test or genetic map or print?

No, with a simple saliva sample of the child we can offer totally reliable results.

Which documents do I need to request a paternity test?

For a paternity test of private use (with no legal validity) you will only need to fill in a form and send us the samples.

For paternity test with legal validity, the sample taking can only be done by a health or justice professional. You will need to bring when the samples are taken: DNI or ID card, passport, a recent photograph for the underage members of the test (mandatory), photocopy of the family book or legal document establishing the custody of the underage child. It is not necessary the mother’s authorisation for the paternity test to have legal validity in Spain.

For antenatal paternity test (during pregnancy), please contact our team at genetica@institutobernabeu.com or calling 965154000.

Can a paternity test be done before the baby is born?

Yes it can be done, it will be necessary to do a corial biopsy or an amniocentesis to obtain the baby’s cells.

Can a paternity test be done without the mother consent?

When the children are underage the mother’s consent is not require as long as the custody is shared between the mother and the alleged father.

Is it necessary to keep sexual abstinence before doing any seminal study?

To carry out advance seminal studies such as spermatozoid FISH or TUNEL it is not necessary to keep sexual abstinence at all.

What does it mean to have an altered FISH?

To have an altered spermatozoid FISH means that there is a greater number of spermatozoids with an anomalous chromosomal number than the normal population. This can cause miscarriages, foetal malformations, implantation failure, etc.

Which are the options if the spermatozoid FISH is altered?

The patients with an altered spermatozoid FISH have a higher risk f having chromosomically altered embryos. Through a PGD the embryos with the right number of chromosomes could be selected, being able to have a successful pregnancy.

What does it mean to have an altered TUNEL?

The TUNEL study is a fairly new technique for the analysis of the spermatozoids. To have an altered TUNEL means that there is greater number of spermatozoids with a fragmented DNA than the general population, making gestation more difficult, being responsible for implantation failures, miscarriages, etc.

Which are the options if I have an altered spermatozoid TUNEL?

Recent investigations propose that antioxidant treatments could reduce the rates of fragmented DNA in spermatozoids. For those cases when this treatment doesn’t work, a testicular puncture could be an effective solution.

Could fertility problems have a genetic origin?

To be able to diagnosis fertility problems there are a number of test that allow us to know if there is a genetic cause responsible of the fertility problem. For the study of the masculine factor, the karyotype study, microdelection of the Y chromosome and cystic fibrosis study could justify the low number or the absence of spermatozoids. For women, the karyotype study, the screening of the Fragile X Syndrome, those could be the cause of repeated miscarriages and low ovarian reserve, respectively.

Could we know if a gene is responsible for a specific illness?

Everyday it is greater the number of illnesses when we know where the abnormality comes from. Through a specific genetic study for the illness, we can determine which the affected gene is and also responsible for the pathology. This study is necessary and essential to be able to identify the genetic base of the illness and to avoid the transmission to the descendants.

Could we stop the transmission of an illness?

Everyday it is greater the number of illnesses when we know where the abnormality comes from. This abnormality can be detected in the embryo using the PGD technique. Selecting the embryos free of the illness we can guarantee healthy children and we can end the transmission of the illness to future generations.

Can we prevent repeated miscarriages?

Yes, we can. It is estimated that about 50% of the repeated miscarriage cases are cause in the embryo and not in the couple. An abnormal number of the chromosomes or an altered structure of the chromosomes is the explanation for most cases of repeated miscarriages. The PGD technique allow us to select the embryos free of structural or numeric abnormalities and this way we can achieve a normal pregnancy.

Can we identify chromosomal abnormalities in the baby before birth?

Through the corial biopsy in the weeks 10-12 of pregnancy or amniocentesis in the weeks 15-20, the baby’s cells can be obtain for study so we can determine if there is any alteration in the chromosomes.

Why is it important to study the result of a miscarriage?

In most cases the miscarriages are cause by chromosomal abnormalities in the embryo. To be able to have biological material from the miscarriage give us the opportunity to carry out karyotype studies and help us to identify if that is the cause and be able to determine the possible implications in the future regarding fertility.

Is it necessary to wait 15 days to know if our unborn baby has Down Syndrome?

No, it is not. Recent cytogenetic techniques (FISH) allow us to know in just 24h if the baby has a trisomy of the 21 chromosome (Down Syndrome). With this test we can also know other frequent chromosomal abnormalities such as Tuner Syndrome, Edwards Syndrome, Patau Syndrome, etc.

What is cervix cancer? What is HPV?

The cervix cancer is the second of the most frequent cancer affecting women in the world, but it is the easiest one to detect in an early stage. The most valuable method use for the detection and the one that has saved more lives is Smear Test, as long as is carry out periodically. The cervix cancer is cause by virus: Human Papiloma Virus (HPV) and it is a sexually transmitted. That is, all women with an active sexual life are at risk of contracting the mention virus. For that reason, under some circumstances, they are at risk of suffering from cervix cancer.

The real and hopeful aspect is that doing a periodic smear test, as well as using the new techniques in place, the previous sign can be treated successfully. There are not many women that know the implications and therefore they consider that are not at risk of suffering the illness as well the previous signs.

Recent studies show that 80% of women with an active sexual life are or have been carrier of the HPV at some time in their lives, but less than 50% know about the virus, as well as more than 70% don’t know the importance of the smear test for the prevention of the cancer we are dealing with. At present the worrying thing is that a lot of women have never have a smear test done in their lives.

The cervical smear test is a simple, innocuous and quick test that more than forty years ago was recognize by the World Health Organization as the best method of early detection due to the qualities previously described. Regarding the prevention it is know that the use of a condom reduce the risk of contracting it, but it doesn’t protect completely. On the other hand, the human papiloma virus of low risk are responsible for the know “genital warts”. The hope is now place on the commercialization in Spain of the PREVENTIVES VACCINES that protect a little more than 70% of the cervix cancers and their previous sign. The important issues are on one hand, to have real and truthful information about the matter and the carrying out of the smear test to all women, and on the other hand the vaccination of the pre-teenage girls, teenagers and young women, as the first steps to end this serious health issue.

Why do we do a HPV typed?

The HPV typed allow us to identify the specific virus of the HPV that is causing the infection as well as knowing the risk of suffering the illness to be able to apply the appropriate treatment.

What is it about and what is it for the cardiovascular risk study?

Consist in studying the genes involved in the functioning of the circulatory system. The alteration of some of those genes could mean a higher risk of suffering cardiovascular illnesses. To know this higher risk of suffering the illness allow us prevent them with different treatment, diets, etc.

Who does need to know his cardiovascular risk?

People suffering from high blood pressure, with cardiovascular pathologies, history of cardiovascular illnesses in the family, sportsmen and women or people living under a lot of stress.

Why do I put on weight despite being on a diet and eating very little?

Do you eat the same to other people but you put on weight more? Why? Through the study of the gene related to obesity we can know the origin of the illness, so we can establish the guidelines and recommendations for each individual. It is a pathology that has a strong social influence as well as an important genetic component, as demonstrated by different studies. The IB Biotech obesity test will give all the answers you need to know.

What is the DNA?

The DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule present is all our cells. The DNA represents an essential part of the chromosomes.

The DNA storage the instructions that permit the development and functioning of the life organisms, being responsible for the hereditary transmission.

These instructions are written in the DNA in a letter code (A, T, G AND C). The association of these letters shape the genes, on which the information of our physical characteristics is written and the functioning of our body.

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